AQUIFERS, HYDROGEOLOGY, GROUND WATER
Aquifers are defined as underground layers of rock that are saturated with water that can be brought to the surface of the earth through natural […]
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS TECHNIQUE
The term “electrophoresis” refers to the movement of a solid particle (e.g. nucleic acids) through a polymer matrix or gel under the influence of electric […]
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM: CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SYPHILIS
Treponema pallidum (well known scientifically as T. pallidum subsp. pallidum) is a Gram variable or Gram-negative, microaerophilic or anaerobic, motile, spiral-shaped bacterium (spirochaete) that is […]
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL FEATURES & TREATMENT
Human immunodeficiency virus is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. There are two variants of HIV that causes AIDS in humans […]
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: DEFINITION AND HISTORY
Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon that occurs when bacteria are not killed or inhibited by usually achievable systemic concentration of an antibiotic (drug) with normal […]
ONCHOCERCIASIS: PATHOGENESIS, LIFE CYCLE, LAB DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, CONTROL AND PREVENTION
Onchocerciasis is a parasitic disease that is characterized by the formation of nodules on the skin (skin dermatitis) and other inflammatory reactions which can lead […]
TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURE MEDIA
GENERAL PURPOSE MEDIA General purpose media or basic medium is a routine culture media which is used for the cultivation of microorganisms in the microbiology […]
PARAMETERS CONTROLLED IN A FERMENTER OR FERMENTATION VESSEL
The success of a particular fermentation process depends on the existence of defined environmental parameters for biomass buildup and product formation. It is in view […]
EPIDEMIOLOGY, CONTROL, PREVENTION, AND PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN OF BIOWARFARE (AGENTS OF BIOTERRORISM)
Chemical agents and biological agents are very exceptional from other conventional warfare tools including nuclear/atomic weapons in that they are usually invisible and they produce […]
MICROBIAL ENERGETICS
Microbial energetics is defined as the mechanisms by which bacteria and other microbial cells derive the energy they require for growth from their environment. Microbial […]
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY (GENETIC ENGINEERING)
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology or genetic engineering is the in vitro controlled manipulation of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) in order to produce new gene […]
HELICOBACTER PYLORI: BIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, LAB DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT
Helicobacter pylori bacterium is a microaerophilic, urease-producing, Gram-negative, motile, urease-positive, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and spiral-shaped bacterium that inhabits the stomach, intestinal tract and oral cavity of […]